Spells, Witchcraft, Magick Spells, and Rituals

Tarot is a French word for a special deck of cards to game cards popularly used in order to it divination. These cards appreciated a push in popularity like tool of individual-discovery of the new age and development tool among ritual Wiccans and magicians. The derivation of the tarot of word is still discussed. Some suggest that these cards were called because of the tarotes on the back, i.e., the plain or dotted lines crossing diagonally. A certain confirmation of this theory is indicated by the German form of the word, a tarock-karte being a card checkered on the back.

The Tarot cards belong to an ordinary deck of cards in the countries of southernmost Europe and the named tarocchi is given to an Italian game. In its familiar form, the deck of cards of tarot is composed of a deck of cards of 78 cards, comprising four costumes of 14 cards each one, the additional card of court in each costume being the rider, the knight, or the rider, and 22 image-cards symbolical like assets or assets. The four costumes, the related ones in the modern hearts, clubs, diamonds, and thimbles, are swords, cups, coins of currency, and sticks, earlier represented like swords, cups, rings, and magic wands.

The 22 cards symbolic systems generally describe the juggler or the magician, high pope of priestess or female, empress, emperor, Hierophant or pope, in love, tank, judge, hermit, wheel of fortune, forces or courage, hung man, death, moderation, devil, Lightning-struck tower, hold the first role, musardent, expose it to the sun, last judgement, imbecile, and universe. These designs symbolic systems, which slightly change deck of cards with the deck of cards according to various traditions, are popularly interpreted as follows: Willpower, Science or knowledge, action, realization, pity and benevolence, test, triumph, justice, prudence, fortune, force, sacrifice, transformation, combination, destiny, rupture, hope, disappointment or error, terrestrial happiness, renewal, madness, and atonement. These interpretations also change according to various authorities. Moreover, the other cards in the deck of cards are regarded as avoires the significance symbolic system.

There are many various manners of consulting the cards for the divination, but they imply most of the time to present the cards after having scrambled and having interpreted the indications of the cards principal symbolic systems in their relationship between them.

Much speculation surrounds the total problem of origins of the tarot and his relationship with the current deck of 52 cards of game. It is not difficult to see interpretations symbolic systems of the 52 deck of cardss in its division in four costumes, corresponding to the seasons of the year, 52 weeks, and the rules symbolic systems of the cards of court. Some authors connected to the deck of cards at the ancient Eastern origins of the game of the failures, with its king, queen, and knight comparable. However, within the occult commdecky, much looked at an origin in ancient Egypt. According to such a popular knowledge, the priests of ancient Egypt invented the Tarot cards to represent their secret doctrines and lesson. They have escaped with the destruction of the Christian era because the burners with book did not know what they were. Later, some Egyptians brought them to Rome, and they survived in the courses of the popes and passed to France for the period when the papacy was sat in Avignon.

This history of the Egyptian line appeared the first time in the commdecky occults French eighteenth century, invented by a Protestant minister, Antoine Court of Gebelin, 1719-1784. De Gebelin, a occultist and Martinist, had become a defender early ideas of Franz A. Mesmer of animal magnetism and Egyptologist of amateur. In 1781, well before the Egyptian hieroglyphes were deciphered, it published primitive of volume the world of eight-volume, 1781, with its speculative concepts. The Tarot cards had existed during several centuries in Europe without the speculation about foreign connection or occults mysterious. But De Gebelin discussed, with little obviously, that the word tarot really meant the royal road, a derivation which it made starting from the Egyptian words your or in the manner and the tosh or royal. It is advisable to note that no such word was found in the Egyptian language. With its test on the platform, De Gebelin also published another test by an anonymous friend, the first to mark the cards the book of Thoth, Thoth being a name for the Egyptian god Horus.

Because of the widespread reading of primitive of the world, the Tarot cards started to be employed like devices of divination in Paris, however the diffusion of the practice were slow. It was significant that Francis Barrett did not include any mention of the platform in its catalogue 1801 of the magic practice, Magus.

The next important stage in the establishment of the occult tarot occurred with the semi-ten-ninth century when Eliphas Levi met a platform during its improving massive magic tradition in the light of the thought of Mesmerist. It identified their magic power with animal magnetism, a still popular theory at the present.

In Levi 1853 magic published the high one of dogma, in which it presented the first time its ideas attaching the tarot to Egyptian professor ancient Hermes Trismegistus, the legendary author of the hermetic magic writings. He then attached the cards to magic Kabala/mystical Hebrew, whom he spelled Qabalah. He identified the cards numbered with the sephiroth ten. The cards of court represented the stages of the human life, and the costumes symbolized the tetragarmmaton, the four letters which composed the Hebrew name of God. The 22 cards of asset were attached to the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet, and all the contents of Kabbalistic earlier allotted to each letter was plowed in the Tarot cards.

Levi used the platform of tarot of Marseilles, but developed increasingly dissatisfied with him. Its efforts early to produce a new platform were not carried out, but Levi supported its project with an English mason, Kenneth Mackenzie, 1833-1886. Mackenzie, as a chief in Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia, taught the tarot with the group of the men with whom were found the order hermetic of the gold paddle, OGD, the organization most responsible for the modern magic rebirth.

S.L. MacGregor Mathers and its wife, Moina, collaborated on the platform of OGD to go with the ritual one of the order, more of which he also wrote. It produced an original, which was given to each member while they reached the category of adapts the minor, who has in their drawn turn their own personal copy. It is this platform which was described by Aleister Crowley in his newspaper, the equinox. It was finally published in 1978.

Probably the most important platform to leave the OGD up to now that was produced by Arthur Edouard Waite in collaboration with Pamela Coleman-Smith. She was released in 1910 to accompany the key by Waite to the Tarot, revised later like the key coloured with the Tarot, and continued to become the most popular platform for divinatory goals at the twentieth century. The adoptive case of Paul, 1884-1954, a member of OGD which later founded the manufacturers of the sanctuary, developed a platform, based in the great part on the cards of Waite-Smith, in collaboration with Jessie burns parks. The platform was published in 1931.

In conclusion, in 1938, Aleister Crowley, 1875-1947, which left the OGD and published several of its secrecies, began a collaboration with Freda Harris to incarnate the magick thelemic of Ordo Templi Orientis. They employed the OGD and the platform of Waite-Smith, but art and the concepts disappeared remote beyond one or the other. While the work of original art was shown with an art gallery during the Second World War, and a limited edition of 200 platforms appeared in 1944, the tarot of Crowley-Harris did not reach the public until it was finally published in 1969 by Samuel Weiser. This platform is the only one to defy the popularity of the platform of Waite-Smith.

An assumption, which put in parallel the idea of origins Egyptian and the same was mainly refuted, is concerned the mysterious gypsies. The idea that the tarot was presented in Europe by the gypsies of the average ages was suggested the first time by an anonymous friend of Gebelin' S at the eighteenth century. It was constant in century to come by J.F. Valiant, which had lived during many years among the gypsies and who had been informed by them in their traditional knowledge. It attached the word tarot to the tar Hungarian gypsy, deck of cards of cards, and claimed that ancient symbolism esoteric found its way in the whole of Europe by migrations gypsies. Valiant incorporated what it had been known as in its books Rômes, true Bohemiens, 1857, of of true of history, gypsies, 1860, of bible of, and the Magic Key of the Fiction and Fact, 1863. The theory of Valiant was approved by the French author Papus, penname of Gerald Encausse, in its book the Tarot of the gypsies: The oldest book of the World,, 1899, English edition like Tarot of the gypsies, 1919, it where it claimed that the tarot was the absolute key with the occult science. The notes of Papus, the deck of cards gypsy of cards is a marvellous book according to Court of Gebelin and Vaillant. This deck of cards, under the names of Tarot, Torah, and Rota, formed the base of the synthetic teaching of all ancient nations successively.

The British legal row of authority Of Hoste, writing in 1908, is added: I would subject that obviousness interns we can deduce that the tarots were presented by a race speaking an Indian dialect; that the form of the exposures of pope they had been long in a country where the orthodoxe Eastern church prevailed; and forms it head-get dressed with the king, as well as the shape of the eagle on the shield, proves that this was governed by the Russian large dukes, who had not assumed the imperial badges yet. This seems with me confirmatory of the widespread belief which it is to the gypsies that we are involved in debt for our knowledge of the game-cards.

In 1865, E.S. Taylor added its support to the same assumption in its book the history to game cards. However, W.H. Willshire, in its book a reasoned catalogue of cards of game and others in the British museum, 1876, called into question the conclusion of Taylor, for the reason which if Zingari [gypsies] is of Egyptian or Indian origin, they did not seem in Europe before 1417, when cards had been known during a certain time. But this objection is cancelled by the fact that the presence of the gypsies in Europe is now placed on a date considerably before 1417. There was, for example, a acinganorum established well feudum, or baronnie gypsy, in island of Corfu to the fourteenth century. It it is also believed that the gypsies themselves were in the beginning the ancient caste of chandala of India.

Coincide with the occult rebirth indicated under the name of new movement of age, the tarot appreciated one period without precedent of popularity. New the agers saw the tarot like important additional tool for the personal transformation and interpreted symbolism like new card of the subconscious. The new approach of age stimulated the production of a variety of platforms which explore various worlds symbolic systems, offer variable interpretations of psychological to Wiccan, and present a broad range of the artistic models. The traditional Tarot cards disappeared from point, with the numerical platforms to sell on the Internet for those which are curious and wanting to spend some dollars. Some of these numerical platforms replaced the costumes of card and the symbols usual, C. - with-D. cups, magic wands, pentagrams, swords, priestesses, magicians, with characters representing of the modern topics. For example, a king in a traditional platform of tarot is replaced with a businessman in a contemporary platform. These modern versions can attract a broader assistance with the tarot, however, much will take with the practice less seriously than with the more traditional platforms.

The games of Tarot came from Italy at the 15th century early. They are still gameed in a certain number of European countries, namely: Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland. Each one of these countries has its clean versions rather different from the game.

The games of Tarot require the special cards - a deck of cards of Tarot is composed normally: four costumes, which can be the French costumes of the hearts, diamonds, the clubs and the thimbles or the Italian costumes of the cups, of the coins of currency, the sticks and the swords a series of 21 special cards which are used as assets another special card, looking at a little liking a joker, although there is no historical connection, called the imbecile or excuses.

Tarot was that of the games earliest to present the concept of the assets. It is possible that Karnöffel had assets a few years earlier, but it is probable that assets of Karnöffel were invented independently of the assets of Tarot, since they function in a rather different way. In any event, it is clear that practically all the modern card decks of deceive-catch which finally have assets inherited the idea the games of Tarot. The games of Tarot are point-deceive the games in which you owe asset if you do not have any card of the carried out costume. The values of the cards are common to the majority of the games of the group: 5, 4, 3, 2 for the cards of court in the costumes; 5 for the 1 and 21 of the assets and the imbecile; and 1 one for the other card. However, the method to be added to the top of these values in the majority of the games is completely not very common and characteristic of the games of Tarot - to see the page on counting points in games of Tarot for a discussion.

In Angelo of It Mondo E, Bibliopolis, Napoli, 1993, Michael Dummett classifies games of Tarot in three types. The games of type I, found only in Italy, deviate from the usual values of card in the EC without counting that the imbecile, 21 and 1 there are other assets with point larger than of value one 1. This group includes: the game Florentin de Minchiate, gameed with 97 or sometimes 98 cards, which was very popular in central and southernmost Italy with the 17èmes and 18èmes centuries, but unfortunately seems to have died out early at the twentieth century; the various forms of Tarocchi always gameed in Sicily with 63 or 64 cards, which are described in detail in book I Tarocchi Siciliani of Michael Dummett, Zisa, Palermo, 1995. the forms of Tarocchi gameed Bologna with their special deck of cards of 62 cards. An example is: Ottocento games of type II and use type of the III values of card of normal already described, but are distinguished besides that the imbecile is employed. The traditional role of the imbecile is as card which can be gameed constantly instead of the following costume or of trumping, but loses the turn. They is the games used in this manner of type I, and also in the sets type of II:

French tarot
Danish Tarok
Troccas, Swiss: Graubünden
Droggn, the Tyrol: Valley of Stubai

In Central Europe, the standard values of card are still employed, but the role of the imbecile was changed. It is simply the most asset, effectively 22, lining up above the 21. These games in which the imbecile has his modern role started to appear at the eighteenth century. Michael Dummett classifies them like sets type of III Tarot.

Hungarian Tarokk, Paskievics
Illustrated Hungarian Tarokk, Palatinusz
Königrufen, Austria
Zwanzigerrufen, Austria
Tapp Tarock, Austria
Slovenien Tarok
Taroky, Czech Republic/Slovakia
Cego, Baden, Germany
Rumanian Tarok
There is a Swiss game of Tarot which seems to be intermediate between types II and III. The values of card are standard but the imbecile can be employed in the traditional or modern manner.

There are some examples where a deck of cards of tarot is used to game a game which is not really of the family of tarot. An example is Vier-anderle.